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Sunday, January 19, 2020

Color-Coded into Performance Levels - the SportPundit FBS Final College Football Rankings 2019/2020 After Bowls and Playoffs

Color-Coded Performance Levels - The SportPundit FBS Final College Football Rankings 2019/2020 After Bowls and Playoffs. These levels provide what we think are realistic goals for teams in 2020/2021 to advance to the next level or two, if possible. Note the large 1 touchdown rating gap between the top four teams and the fifth placed team.

LEVEL 1 - CHAMPIONS - rating (plus) +2.50 and higher : LSU, Clemson, Ohio State, Alabama
LEVEL 2 - STRONGEST CHALLENGERS : rating (plus) +2.49 to (plus) +0.49 : Oklahoma, Georgia, Florida, Oregon, Wisconsin, Michigan, Notre Dame, Penn State, Auburn, Baylor
LEVEL 3 - MEDIUM-STRENGTH CHALLENGERS in the TOP 25 : rating (plus) +0.50 to (minus) -0.25 : Iowa, Minnesota, USC, Texas A&M, Texas, Utah, Oklahoma State, Iowa State, Memphis, Cincinnati, UCF
LEVEL 4 - STRIVING TOWARD TOP 25 RECOGNITION : rating (minus) -0.26 to (minus) -0.99 : Washington, Navy, TCU, Tennessee, Appalachian State, North Carolina, Michigan State, Boise State, Kansas State, South Carolina, Arizona State, Mississippi State, Mississippi, Louisiana (UL Lafayette), Indiana, Nebraska, Kentucky, Air Force, Virginia, Washington State
LEVEL 5 - RISING ABOVE FOOTBALL AVERAGEDOM : rating (minus) -1.00 to (minus) -1.29 : SMU, Virginia Tech, Pittsburgh, Tulane, Missouri, Florida State, Louisville, Miami of Florida, Oregon State, California, West Virginia, Kansas
Level 6 - ENTRENCHED IN FOOTBALL AVERAGEDOM : rating (minus) -1.30 to (minus) -1.99 : Arizona, Temple, UCLA, Hawaii, San Diego State, BYU, Stanford, Texas Tech, Illinois, Tulsa, Utah State, Colorado, Wyoming, Purdue, Marshall, Florida Atlantic, Maryland
Level 7 - FALLEN BELOW FOOTBALL AVERAGEDOM : rating (minus) -2.00 to (minus) -2.49 : Wake Forest, Boston College, Northwestern, Fresno State, Syracuse, Western Kentucky, Colorado State, Georgia Tech, UAB, Central Michigan, Houston, San Jose State, Louisiana Tech, South Florida, Duke, Southern Miss, Liberty, Arkansas State
Level 8 - THE LOWER LEVELS : rating (minus) -2.50 to (minus) -2.99 : Arkansas, Georgia Southern, North Carolina State, Miami of Ohio, Ohio, Vanderbilt, Buffalo, Kent State, Western Michigan, Charlotte, Ball State, Louisiana Monroe, Florida International, Eastern Michigan, Middle Tennessee, Georgia State, Nevada, Northern Illinois, Toledo
Level 9 - THE LOWER FRINGES : rating (minus) -3.00 to (minus) -3.99 : North Texas, Troy, Coastal Carolina, Army, Texas State, East Carolina, UNLV, Rutgers, South Alabama, UTSA, New Mexico, Rice
Level 10 - BEYOND THE PALE - NOWHERE TO GO BUT UP : rating (minus) -4.00 to (minus) -4.99 : New Mexico State, Bowling Green, Connecticut, Old Dominion, UTEP, Massachusetts, Akron

YPP stats from cfbstats.com

Schedule Difficulty (SD) is based on the Massey Ratings
-- but in many cases we have adjusted them and marked those by an asterisk *
(* = adjusted).
Schedule Difficulty stats are rough approximations - just compare the ColleyMatrix to see how much they can diverge.

NAYPPA = Net Average Yards Per Play Advantage - Calculation by SportPundit.
AYPP = Adjusted Yards Per Play. The "calculation of rank" is made by taking NAYPPA minus the "calibration adjustment for schedule difficulty" = CSD (3 x SD divided by 100). We do all calculations in our head, which can be done swiftly, but there may be error as a result of doing things too fast, so we make no guarantees as to accuracy.

The system is not perfect! But it can give a good idea of the relative strengths of many of the teams without looking at the margin of victory or won-loss records against varied opposition and under various circumstances. Some placements are curious, but on the whole, the rankings can be quite useful.

SportPundit NCAA Division I FBS College Football Rankings 2019 after Bowls and Playoffs (rank is determined by AYPP, the adjusted yards per play rating).

Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
1 LSU 7.89 5.11 +2.78 1 -0.00 +2.78 15-0
2 Clemson 7.38 4.46 +2.92 7 -0.51 +2.71 14-1
3 Ohio State 6.94 4.13 +2.81 *3 -0.09 +2.71 13-1
4 Alabama 7.89 4.81 +3.07 12 -0.36 +2.71 11-2
5 Oklahoma 7.96 5.63 +2.33 9 -0.27 +2.06 12-2
6 Georgia 6.08 4.29 +1.79 6 -0.18 +1.55 12-2
7 Florida 6.47 4.90 +1.57 15 -0.45 +1.12 11-2
8 Oregon 6.34 4.73 +1.61 19 -0.57 +1.04 12-2
9 Wisconsin 6.30 4.79 +1.51 *16 -0.48 +1.03 10-4
10 Michigan 5.77 4.72 +1.05 4 -0.12 +0.93 9-4
11 Notre Dame 6.30 4.67 +1.63 25 -0.75 +0.88 11-2
12 Penn State 6.05 4.82 +1.23 14 -0.42 +0.81 11-2
13 Auburn 5.58 4.84 +0.74 2 -0.03 +0.71 9-4
14 Baylor 6.22 4.89 +1.33 23 -0.69 +0.64 11-3
15 Iowa 5.52 4.80 +0.72 *10 -0.30 +0.42 10-3
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
16 Minnesota 6.36 5.06 +1.30 *30 -0.90 +0.40 11-2
17 USC 6.52 5.70 +0.82 17 -0.51 +0.31 8-5
18 Texas A&M 5.82 5.25 +0.57 11 -0.33 +0.24 8-5
19 Texas 6.37 6.11 +0.26 *3 -0.09 +0.17 8-5
20 Utah 6.59 4.64 +1.95 *60 -1.80 +0.15 11-3
21 Oklahoma St. 6.39 5.79 +0.60 *15 -0.45 +0.15 8-5
22 Iowa State 6.45 5.36 +1.09 *35 -1.05 +0.04 7-6
23 Memphis 6.85 5.37 +1.48 *50 -1.50 -0.02 12-2
24 Cincinnati 5.55 5.21 +0.34 *15 -0.45 -0.11 11-3
25 UCF 6.92 4.57 +2.35 *85 -2.55 -0.20 10-3
26 Washington 5.83 5.11 +0.72 33 -0.97 -0.27 8-5
27 Navy 6.76 5.26 +1.50 *60 -1.80 -0.30 11-2
28 TCU 5.51 5.37 +0.14 *19 -0.57 -0.43 5-7
29 Tennessee 5.82 5.04 +0.78 41 -1.23 -0.45 8-5
30 Appalachian St. 6.26 5.01 +1.25 *57 -1.71 -0.46 13-1
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
31 North Carolina 6.43 5.43 +1.00 *50 -1.50 -0.50 7-6
32 Michigan State 5.19 4.96 +0.23 *25 -0.75 -0.52 7-6
33 Boise State 6.05 5.22 +0.83 *45 -1.35 -0.52 12-2
34 Kansas State 5.55 6.17 -0.62 **0 -0.00 -0.62 8-5
35 South Carolina 5.18 5.53 -0.35 10 -0.30 -0.65 4-8
36 Arizona State 5.74 5.51 +0.23 *30 -0.90 -0.67 8-5
37 Mississippi State 6.16 6.30 -0.14 *18 -0.54 -0.68 6-7
38 Mississippi 6.00 5.82 +0.18 *29 -0.87 -0.69 4-8
39 Louisiana-Laf. 7.01 5.45 +1.56 *75 -2.25 -0.69 11-3
40 Indiana 6.08 5.36 +0.72 50 -1.47 -0.75 8-5
41 Nebraska 5.76 5.61 +0.15 *30 -0.90 -0.75 5-7
42 Kentucky 6.17 5.21 +0.96 57 -1.71 -0.75 8-5
43 Air Force 6.22 5.53 +0.69 *50 -1.50 -0.81 11-2
44 Virginia 5.66 5.75 -0.09 *25 -0.75 -0.84 9-5
45 Washington St. 7.14 6.64 +0.50 45 -1.35 -0.85 6-7
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
46 SMU 6.14 5.76 +0.38 *44 -1.32 -1.00 10-3
47 Virginia Tech 5.65 5.20 +0.45 *50 -1.50 -1.05 8-5
48 Pittsburgh 5.18 4.50 +0.68 *60 -1.80 -1.12 8-5
49 Tulane 6.16 5.49 +0.67 *60 -1.80 -1.13 7-6
50 Missouri 5.27 4.86 +0.41 52 -1.56 -1.15 6-6
51 Florida State 5.84 5.31 +0.53 56 -1.68 -1.15 6-7
52 Louisville 6.68 6.33 +0.35 *50 -1.50 -1.15 8-5
53 Miami of Florida 5.66 4.74 +0.92 70 -2.10 -1.18 6-7
54 Oregon State 5.95 6.05 -0.10 *36 -1.08 -1.18 5-7
55 California 5.08 5.37 -0.29 *30 -0.90 -1.19 8-5
56 West Virginia 4.90 5.48 -0.58 21 -0.63 -1.21 5-7
57 Kansas 5.86 6.15 -0.29 31 -0.93 -1.22 3-9
58 Arizona 6.05 6.36 -0.31 *35 -1.05 -1.36 4-8
59 Temple 5.36 4.93 +0.43 *60 -1.80 -1.37 8-5
60 UCLA 5.31 6.71 -1.40 *1 -0.00 -1.40 4-8
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
61 Hawaii 6.69 6.29 +0.40 *60 -1.80 -1.40 9-5
62 San Diego State 4.78 4.65 -0.13 *52 -1.56 -1.43 10-3
63 BYU 6.18 5.60 +0.58 68 -2.04 -1.46 7-6
64 Stanford 5.59 6.30 -0.71 25 -0.75 -1.46 4-8
65 Texas Tech 6.09 6.59 -0.50 32 -0.96 -1.46 4-8
66 Illinois 5.00 5.60 -0.60 *30 -0.90 -1.50 6-7
67 Tulsa 5.32 5.67 -0.35 39 -1.17 -1.52 4-8
68 Utah State 5.81 5.64 +0.17 *60 -1.80 -1.63 7-6
69 Colorado 5.50 6.51 -1.01 21 -0.63 -1.64 5-7
70 Wyoming 5.49 5.03 +0.46 *70 -2.10 -1.64 8-5
71 Purdue 5.47 6.02 -0.55 37 -1.11 -1.66 4-8
72 Marshall 5.77 5.54 +0.23 *70 -2.10 -1.87 8-5
73 Florida Atlantic 5.94 5.38 +0.56 *82 -2.46 -1.90 10-3
74 Maryland 5.37 5.95 -0.48 48 -1.44 -1.92 3-9
75 Wake Forest 5.72 5.78 -0.06 65 -1.95 -2.01 8-5
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
76 Boston College 5.91 6.46 -0.55 *49 -1.47 -2.02 6-7
77 Northwestern 4.23 5.06 -0.83 40 -1.20 -2.03 3-9
78 Fresno State 6.04 5.73 +0.31 78 -2.34 -2.03 4-8
79 Syracuse 5.21 6.07 -0.86 *40 -1.20 -2.06 5-7
80 Western Kentucky 5.60 5.22 +0.38 *83 -2.49 -2.11 9-4
81 Colorado St. 6.24 5.58 +0.66 94 -2.82 -2.164-8
82 Georgia Tech 4.79 5.83 -1.04 *40 -1.20 -2.24 3-9
83 UAB 5.50 4.71 +0.79 *101 -3.03 -2.24 9-5
84 Central Michigan 6.08 5.42 +0.66 *97 -2.91 -2.25 8-6
85 Houston 6.02 6.81 -0.79 50 -1.50 -2.29 4-8
86 San Jose State 6.36 5.80 +0.56 *95 -2.85 -2.29 5-7
87 Louisiana Tech 6.09 5.22 +0.77 *102 -3.06 -2.29 10-3
88 South Florida 5.14 5.39 -0.25 69 -2.07 -2.32 4-8
89 Duke 4.53 5.35 -0.82 51 -1.53 -2.35 5-7
90 Southern Miss 6.07 5.71 +0.36 *93 -2.79 -2.43 7-6
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
91 Liberty 6.44 5.74 +0.70 *105 -3.15 -2.45 8-5
92 Arkansas State 6.17 6.11 +0.06 *85 -2.55 -2.49 8-5
93 Arkansas 5.21 6.54 -1.33 *39 -1.17 -2.50 2-10
94 Georgia Southern 5.19 5.66 -0.47 *70 -2.10 -2.57 7-6
95 NC State 5.18 5.59 -0.41 *75 -2.25 -2.66 4-8
96 Miami of Ohio 4.97 5.27 -0.30 *79 -2.37 -2.67 8-6
97 Ohio 6.68 5.95 +0.73 *114 -3.42 -2.69 7-6
98 Vanderbilt 4.78 6.57 -1.79 *30 -0.90 -2.69 3-9
99 Buffalo 5.39 4.87 +0.52 *107 -3.21 -2.69 8-5
100 Kent State 5.83 6.32 -0.49 *73 -2.19 -2.70 7-6
101 Western Michigan 6.33 5.85 +0.48 *106 -3.18 -2.70 7-6
102 Charlotte 6.31 6.01 +0.30 *100 -3.00 -2.70 7-6
103 Ball State 6.11 5.82 +0.29 *101 -3.03 -2.74 5-7
104 Louisiana Monroe 6.37 6.71 -0.34 *80 -2.40 -2.74 5-7
105 Florida Int'l FIU 5.59 5.66 -0.07 *90 -2.70 -2.77 6-7
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
106 Eastern Michigan 5.97 6.07 -0.10 *90 -2.70 -2.80 6-7
107 Middle Tennessee 6.36 6.21 +0.15 *101 -3.00 -2.85 4-8
108 Georgia State 5.85 6.64 -0.79 *70 -2.10 -2.89 7-6
109 Nevada 5.02 6.07 -1.05 *60 -1.80 -2.95 7-6
110 Northern Illinois 5.22 6.08 -0.86 *70 -2.10 -2.96 5-7
111 Toledo 6.09 6.62 -0.53 *80 -2.40 -2.976-6
112 North Texas 5.92 5.73 +0.19 *110 -3.30 -3.11 4-8
113 Troy 6.13 6.20 -0.07 105 -3.15 -3.22 5-7
114 Coastal Carolina 5.53 6.05 -0.52 *90 -2.70 -3.22 5-7
115 Army 5.86 5.53 +0.33 *120 -3.60 -3.27 5-7
116 Texas State 4.97 5.72 -0.75 90 -2.70 -3.45 3-9
117 East Carolina 5.74 6.52 -0.78 *90 -2.70 -3.48 4-8
118 UNLV 5.41 6.26 -0.85 90 -2.70 -3.55 4-8
119 Rutgers 4.46 6.22 -1.76 61 -1.83 -3.64 2-10
120 South Alabama 5.01 5.77 -0.76 *100 -3.00 -3.76 2-10
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L
121 UTSA 5.05 6.53 -1.48 *80 -2.40 -3.88 4-8
122 New Mexico 5.77 6.71 -0.94 *98 -2.94 -3.88 2-10
123 Rice 4.69 5.97 -1.28 *90 -2.70 -3.98 3-9
124 New Mexico State 5.21 6.58 -1.37 *100 -3.00 -4.37 2-10
125 Bowling Green 4.56 7.03 -2.47 *80 -2.40 -4.87 3-9
126 Connecticut 5.11 7.00 -1.89 *100 -3.15 -4.89 2-10
127 Old Dominion 4.06 5.66 -1.60 *110 -3.30 -4.90 1-11
128 UTEP 5.14 6.76 -1.62 *110 -3.30 -4.92 1-11
129 Massachusetts 4.28 7.77 -3.49 *120 -3.60 -4.99 1-11
130 Akron 4.02 5.70 -1.68 *111 -3.33 -4.99 0-12
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA SD CSD AYPP W-L


Wednesday, January 15, 2020

The Best College Football Teams of All Time -- What About the 2019 LSU Tigers National Championship Team?

The question has been raised online about whether the current national champion 2019 season LSU Tigers are among the best college football teams of all time, and the answer is clearly a "yes", according to an analysis of yards per play ("ypp") stats for previous highly-rated national championship teams which we posted years ago at
The Best College Football Teams of All Time Can Be Narrowed Down Using NAYPPA - Net Average Yards Per Play Advantage.

Below is a comparison list of selected football seasons which shows -- in spite of the many changes that mark modern college football -- that NAYPPA (net average yards per play advantage, i.e. the difference between the ypp gained by a team's offense and the ypp allowed by the defense) has changed little over the decades in being an incomparable measure of a top team's football season dominance and ranking.

The best teams ever have a NAYPPA of +2.7 to +2.8.

2019 national champions LSU Tigers
+2.78 NAYPPA
LSU 7.89 ypp on offense and 5.11 ypp on defense = +2.78 ypp

Nebraska Cornhuskers 1995 season
(ranked by many as the top team ever)
+2.72 NAYPPA - In the regular season 7.2 yards per play on offense and 4.5 yards per play on defense, but that stat does not include the 1996 Fiesta Bowl in which the Huskers netted 629 yards on 83 plays = 7.6 yards per play while Florida netted 271 yards on 59 plays = 4.6 yards per play for a NAYPPA of 3.0, and that against the Nr. 2 team in the country. The Huskers punted once.
(According to our calculations, including the bowl game, the Huskers
gained 6748 yards on 938 plays = 7.19 ypp
and allowed 3506 yards on  785 plays = 4.47 ypp
i.e. +2.72.)

33 players from the Husker roster went on to play professional football.

"The 1995 Nebraska squad has been voted as the greatest college football team of all-time in many surveys, including the all-time Sagarin ratings.[39]"
Nebraska beat Michigan State (6-5-1 overall) 50-10, "the most one-sided defeat in the coaching career of Nick Saban, in his first season at East Lansing."
Nebraska beat Florida 62-24 in the Fiesta Bowl. Florida won the national championship the following year.

As written at the Wikipedia:
"Due to their performance against Florida as well as beating 4 teams that finished in the top 10 by an average score of 49-18, their consistent dominance (smallest margin of victory was 14 points), their record setting offensive performance, and their statistically impressive defense throughout the season, the 1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers are widely considered one of the greatest teams in college football history. The team set Division 1-A records by averaging 7.0 yards per rushing attempt and also by allowing zero quarterback sacks on the season. Noted for its strong special teams play, the team also connected on 13 of 16 field goal attempts, and it also tied an NCAA record by allowing only five punt returns (for a total of 12 yards) all season. The 1995 Huskers also averaged a victory margin of more than 38 points, the largest of any Division 1-A team since World War II, despite regularly resting their starters in the second halves of games. Averaging more than 53 points per game (including the bowl win), the team averaged 29.8 points per first half - a higher number than the per-game scoring average of many national champions, even including such modern champions as the 2006 Florida Gators, the 2002 Ohio State Buckeyes, and the 1992 Alabama Crimson Tide. Analysts often make comparisons to other recent highly-regarded champions, such as the 2001 Miami Hurricanes and the 2004 USC Trojans[4]. Such comparisons, as noted by the experts themselves, are nearly impossible to make, as rankings vary from evaluation to evaluation. The 1994 and 1995 Nebraska teams, which went a combined 25-0, remain the only undefeated - as well as the only consensus - back-to-back national champions since Oklahoma in 1955 and 1956."

Oklahoma Sooners 1974 season
+2.81 NAYPPA - 6.23 yards per play on offense to 3.42 yards per play on defense (stats)

Miami Hurricanes 2001 season 
(ranked by some as the top team ever)
(ca. +2.8 NAYPPA with the Rose Bowl)
+2.7 NAYPPA - 6.6 yards per play on offense to 3.9 yards per play on defense
The Hurricanes strength of schedule, however, was only 25th, a stat which in our system would make the adjusted net average yards per play advantage only +2.8 minus 0.75, or an adjusted NAYPPA of +2.05 ypp, good, but not super.

Tennessee Volunteers 1998 season
+2.7 NAYPPA - 7.1 yards per play on offense to 4.4 yards per play on defense

It is really quite amazing that the NAYPPA stats for these teams, generally regarded as the best ever in college football history, are so close.




Tuesday, January 14, 2020

SportPundit FBS Final College Football Rankings 2019/2020 Season After Bowls and Playoffs

SportPundit FBS Final College Football Rankings 2019 After Bowls and Playoffs

YPP stats from cfbstats.com 
Schedule Difficulty (SD) is based on the Massey Ratings
-- but in many cases we have adjusted them and marked those by an asterisk *
(* = adjusted).
Schedule Difficulty stats are rough approximations - just compare the ColleyMatrix to see how much they can diverge.
NAYPPA = Net Average Yards Per Play Advantage - Calculation by SportPundit.
AYPP = Adjusted Yards Per Play. The "calculation of rank" is made by us in taking NAYPPA minus the "calibration adjustment for schedule difficulty" = CSD (3 x SD divided by 100). We do all calculations in our head, which can be done swiftly, but there may be error as a result of doing things too fast, so we make no guarantees as to accuracy.
The system is not perfect! But it can give a good idea of the relative strengths of many of the teams without looking at the margin of victory or won-loss records against varied opposition and under various circumstances. Some placements are curious, but on the whole, the rankings can be quite useful.

SportPundit NCAA Division I FBS College Football Rankings 2019 after Bowls and Playoffs (rank is determined by AYPP, the adjusted yards per play rating).

Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
1 LSU 7.89 5.11 +2.78    1 -0.00 +2.78 15-0
2 Clemson 7.38 4.46 +2.92    7 -0.51 +2.71 14-1
3 Ohio State 6.94 4.13 +2.81    *3 -0.09 +2.71 13-1
4 Alabama 7.89 4.81 +3.07   12 -0.36 +2.71 11-2
5 Oklahoma 7.96 5.63 +2.33    9 -0.27 +2.06 12-2
6 Georgia 6.08 4.29 +1.79    6 -0.18 +1.55 12-2
7 Florida 6.47 4.90 +1.57  15 -0.45 +1.12 11-2
8 Oregon 6.34 4.73 +1.61    19 -0.57 +1.04 12-2
9 Wisconsin 6.30 4.79 +1.51    *16 -0.48 +1.03 10-4
10 Michigan 5.77 4.72 +1.05    4 -0.12 +0.93 9-4
11 Notre Dame 6.30 4.67 +1.63    25 -0.75 +0.88 11-2
12 Penn State 6.05 4.82 +1.23    14 -0.42 +0.81 11-2
13 Auburn 5.58 4.84 +0.74      2 -0.03 +0.71 9-4
14 Baylor 6.22 4.89 +1.33  23 -0.69 +0.64 11-3
15 Iowa 5.52 4.80 +0.72    *10 -0.30 +0.42 10-3
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
16 Minnesota 6.36 5.06 +1.30     *30 -0.90 +0.40 11-2
17 USC 6.52 5.70 +0.82 17 -0.51 +0.31 8-5
18 Texas A&M 5.82 5.25 +0.57      11 -0.33 +0.24 8-5
19 Texas 6.37 6.11  +0.26      *3 -0.09 +0.17 8-5
20 Utah 6.59 4.64 +1.95    *60 -1.80 +0.15 11-3
21 Oklahoma St. 6.39 5.79 +0.60    *15 -0.45 +0.15 8-5
22 Iowa State 6.45 5.36 +1.09  *35 -1.05 +0.04 7-6
23 Memphis 6.85 5.37 +1.48     *50 -1.50 -0.02 12-2
24 Cincinnati 5.55 5.21 +0.34    *15 -0.45 -0.11 11-3
25 UCF 6.92 4.57 +2.35    *85 -2.55 -0.20 10-3
26 Washington 5.83 5.11 +0.72   33 -0.97 -0.27 8-5
27 Navy 6.76 5.26 +1.50     *60 -1.80 -0.30 11-2
28 TCU 5.51 5.37 +0.14     *19 -0.57 -0.43 5-7
29 Tennessee 5.82 5.04 +0.78     41 -1.23 -0.45 8-5
30 Appalachian St. 6.26 5.01 +1.25   *57 -1.71 -0.46 13-1
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
31 North Carolina 6.43 5.43  +1.00      *50 -1.50 -0.50 7-6
32 Michigan State 5.19 4.96 +0.23      *25 -0.75 -0.52 7-6
33 Boise State 6.05 5.22 +0.83  *45 -1.35 -0.52 12-2
34 Kansas State 5.55 6.17  -0.62     **0 -0.00 -0.62 8-5
35 South Carolina 5.18 5.53 -0.35      10 -0.30 -0.65 4-8
36 Arizona State 5.74 5.51 +0.23  *30 -0.90 -0.67 8-5
37 Mississippi State 6.16 6.30  -0.14     *18 -0.54 -0.68 6-7
38 Mississippi 6.00 5.82 +0.18   *29 -0.87 -0.69 4-8
39 Louisiana-Laf. 7.01 5.45 +1.56 *75 -2.25 -0.69 11-3
40 Indiana 6.08 5.36 +0.72     50 -1.47 -0.75 8-5
41 Nebraska 5.76 5.61 +0.15   *30 -0.90 -0.75 5-7
42 Kentucky 6.17 5.21  +0.96   57 -1.71 -0.75 8-5
43 Air Force 6.22 5.53 +0.69     *50 -1.50 -0.81 11-2
44 Virginia 5.66 5.75 -0.09     *25 -0.75 -0.84 9-5
45 Washington St. 7.14 6.64 +0.50     45 -1.35 -0.85 6-7
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
46 SMU 6.14 5.76 +0.38   *45 -1.35 -0.97 10-3
47 Virginia Tech 5.65 5.20 +0.45   *50 -1.50 -1.05 8-5
48 Pittsburgh 5.18 4.50 +0.68    *60 -1.80 -1.12 8-5
49 Tulane 6.16 5.49 +0.67    *60 -1.80 -1.13 7-6
50 Missouri 5.27 4.86 +0.41    52 -1.56 -1.15 6-6
51 Florida State 5.84 5.31 +0.53   56 -1.68 -1.15 6-7
52 Louisville 6.68 6.33 +0.35     *50 -1.50 -1.15 8-5
53 Miami of Florida 5.66 4.74 +0.92     70 -2.10 -1.18 6-7
54 Oregon State 5.95 6.05  -0.10     *36 -1.08 -1.18 5-7
55 California 5.08 5.37  -0.29     *30 -0.90 -1.19 8-5
56 West Virginia 4.90 5.48  -0.58     21 -0.63 -1.21 5-7
57 Kansas 5.86 6.15 -0.29     31 -0.93 -1.22 3-9
58 Arizona 6.05 6.36 -0.31     *35 -1.05 -1.36 4-8
59 Temple 5.36 4.93 +0.43   *60 -1.80 -1.37 8-5
60 UCLA 5.31 6.71  -1.40       *1 -0.00 -1.40 4-8
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
61 Hawaii 6.69 6.29 +0.40     *60 -1.80 -1.40 9-5
62 San Diego State 4.78 4.65 -0.13   *52 -1.56 -1.43 10-3
63 BYU 6.18 5.60  +0.58     68 -2.04 -1.46 7-6
64 Stanford 5.59 6.30  -0.71       25  -0.75 -1.46 4-8
65 Texas Tech 6.09 6.59 -0.50     32 -0.96 -1.46 4-8
66 Illinois 5.00 5.60  -0.60   *30 -0.90 -1.50 6-7
67 Tulsa 5.32 5.67  -0.35   39 -1.17 -1.52 4-8
68 Utah State 5.81 5.64 +0.17     *60 -1.80 -1.63 7-6
69 Colorado 5.50 6.51  -1.01     21 -0.63 -1.64 5-7
70 Wyoming 5.49 5.03 +0.46     *70 -2.10 -1.64 8-5
71 Purdue 5.47 6.02  -0.55     37 -1.11 -1.66 4-8
72 Marshall 5.77 5.54 +0.23   *70 -2.10 -1.87 8-5
73 Florida Atlantic 5.94 5.38  +0.56   *82 -2.46 -1.90 10-3
74 Maryland 5.37 5.95 -0.48     48 -1.44 -1.92 3-9
75 Wake Forest 5.72 5.78 -0.06   65 -1.95 -2.01 8-5
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
76 Boston College 5.91 6.46  -0.55   *49 -1.47 -2.02 6-7
77 Northwestern 4.23 5.06  -0.83     40 -1.20 -2.03 3-9
78 Fresno State 6.04 5.73 +0.31     78 -2.34 -2.03 4-8
79 Syracuse 5.21 6.07  -0.86   *40 -1.20 -2.06 5-7
80 Western Kentucky 5.60 5.22 +0.38   *83 -2.49 -2.11 9-4
81 Colorado St. 6.24 5.58 +0.66 94 -2.82 -2.164-8
82 Georgia Tech 4.79 5.83  -1.04   *40 -1.20 -2.24 3-9
83 UAB 5.50 4.71 +0.79   *101 -3.03 -2.24 9-5
84 Central Michigan 6.08 5.42 +0.66 *97 -2.91 -2.25 8-6
85 Houston 6.02 6.81  -0.79     50 -1.50 -2.29 4-8
86 San Jose State 6.36 5.80 +0.56   *95 -2.85 -2.29 5-7
87 Louisiana Tech 6.09 5.22 +0.77   *102 -3.06 -2.29 10-3
88 South Florida 5.14 5.39 -0.25 69 -2.07 -2.32 4-8
89 Duke 4.53 5.35 -0.82     51 -1.53 -2.35 5-7
90 Southern Miss 6.07 5.71 +0.36     *93 -2.79 -2.43 7-6
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
91 Liberty 6.44 5.74 +0.70   *105 -3.15 -2.45 8-5
92 Arkansas State 6.17 6.11  +0.06     *85 -2.55 -2.49 8-5
93 Arkansas 5.21 6.54 -1.33     *39 -1.17 -2.50 2-10
94 Georgia Southern 5.19 5.66  -0.47   *70 -2.10 -2.57 7-6
95 NC State 5.18 5.59 -0.41     *75 -2.25 -2.66 4-8
96 Miami of Ohio 4.97 5.27  -0.30     *79 -2.37 -2.67 8-6
97 Ohio 6.68 5.95  +0.73   *114 -3.42 -2.69 7-6
98 Vanderbilt 4.78 6.57  -1.79   *30 -0.90 -2.69 3-9
99 Buffalo 5.39 4.87 +0.52   *107 -3.21 -2.69 8-5
100 Kent State 5.83 6.32  -0.49   *73 -2.19 -2.70 7-6
 101 Western Michigan 6.33 5.85 +0.48     *106 -3.18 -2.70 7-6
102 Charlotte 6.31 6.01 +0.30   *100 -3.00 -2.70 7-6
103 Ball State 6.11 5.82 +0.29   *101 -3.03 -2.74 5-7
104 Louisiana Monroe 6.37 6.71  -0.34     *80 -2.40 -2.74 5-7
105 Florida Int'l FIU 5.59 5.66  -0.07   *90 -2.70 -2.77 6-7
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
106 Eastern Michigan 5.97 6.07  -0.10   *90 -2.70 -2.80 6-7
107 Middle Tennessee 6.36 6.21  +0.15     *101 -3.00 -2.85 4-8
108 Georgia State 5.85 6.64  -0.79   *70 -2.10 -2.89 7-6
109 Nevada 5.02 6.07  -1.05   *60 -1.80 -2.95 7-6
110 Northern Illinois 5.22 6.08  -0.86     *70 -2.10 -2.96 5-7
111 Toledo 6.09 6.62 -0.53   *80 -2.40 -2.976-6
112 North Texas 5.92 5.73 +0.19   *110 -3.30 -3.11 4-8
113 Troy 6.13 6.20  -0.07   105 -3.15 -3.22 5-7
114 Coastal Carolina 5.53 6.05 -0.52   *90 -2.70 -3.22 5-7
115 Army 5.86 5.53  +0.33 *120 -3.60 -3.27 5-7
116 Texas State 4.97 5.72  -0.75   90 -2.70 -3.45 3-9
117 East Carolina 5.74 6.52  -0.78 *90 -2.70 -3.48 4-8
118 UNLV 5.41 6.26  -0.85     90 -2.70 -3.55 4-8
119 Rutgers 4.46 6.22  -1.76     61 -1.83 -3.64 2-10
120 South Alabama 5.01 5.77  -0.76   *100 -3.00 -3.76 2-10
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L
121 UTSA 5.05 6.53  -1.48   *80 -2.40 -3.88 4-8
122 New Mexico 5.77 6.71  -0.94 *98 -2.94 -3.88 2-10
123 Rice 4.69 5.97  -1.28     *90 -2.70 -3.98 3-9
124 New Mexico State 5.21 6.58  -1.37     *100 -3.00 -4.37 2-10
125 Bowling Green 4.56 7.03  -2.47   *80 -2.40 -4.87 3-9
126 Connecticut 5.11 7.00  -1.89   *100 -3.15 -4.89 2-10
127 Old Dominion 4.06 5.66  -1.60 *110 -3.30 -4.90 1-11
128 UTEP 5.14 6.76  -1.62 *110 -3.30 -4.92 1-11
129 Massachusetts 4.28 7.77  -3.49   *120 -3.60 -4.99 1-11
130 Akron 4.02 5.70  -1.68 *111 -3.33 -4.99 0-12
Rank Team Ypp Off Ypp Def NAYPPA    SD   CSD  AYPP W-L


Sky Earth Native America


Sky Earth Native America 1 :
American Indian Rock Art Petroglyphs Pictographs
Cave Paintings Earthworks & Mounds as Land Survey & Astronomy
,
Volume 1, Edition 2, 266 pages, by Andis Kaulins.

  • Sky Earth Native America 2 :
    American Indian Rock Art Petroglyphs Pictographs
    Cave Paintings Earthworks & Mounds as Land Survey & Astronomy
    ,
    Volume 2, Edition 2, 262 pages, by Andis Kaulins.

  • Both volumes have the same cover except for the labels "Volume 1" viz. "Volume 2".
    The image on the cover was created using public domain space photos of Earth from NASA.

    -----

    Both book volumes contain the following basic book description:
    "Alice Cunningham Fletcher observed in her 1902 publication in the American Anthropologist
    that there is ample evidence that some ancient cultures in Native America, e.g. the Pawnee in Nebraska,
    geographically located their villages according to patterns seen in stars of the heavens.
    See Alice C. Fletcher, Star Cult Among the Pawnee--A Preliminary Report,
    American Anthropologist, 4, 730-736, 1902.
    Ralph N. Buckstaff wrote:
    "These Indians recognized the constellations as we do, also the important stars,
    drawing them according to their magnitude.
    The groups were placed with a great deal of thought and care and show long study.
    ... They were keen observers....
    The Pawnee Indians must have had a knowledge of astronomy comparable to that of the early white men."
    See Ralph N. Buckstaff, Stars and Constellations of a Pawnee Sky Map,
    American Anthropologist, Vol. 29, Nr. 2, April-June 1927, pp. 279-285, 1927.
    In our book, we take these observations one level further
    and show that megalithic sites and petroglyphic rock carving and pictographic rock art in Native America,
    together with mounds and earthworks, were made to represent territorial geographic landmarks
    placed according to the stars of the sky using the ready map of the starry sky
    in the hermetic tradition, "as above, so below".
    That mirror image of the heavens on terrestrial land is the "Sky Earth" of Native America,
    whose "rock stars" are the real stars of the heavens, "immortalized" by rock art petroglyphs, pictographs,
    cave paintings, earthworks and mounds of various kinds (stone, earth, shells) on our Earth.
    These landmarks were placed systematically
    in North America, Central America (Meso-America) and South America
    and can to a large degree be reconstructed as the Sky Earth of Native America."